Pimples
Key points
- Acne is a skin condition characterized by whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed red pimples ("zits").
- The condition occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores, become plugged.
- Signs and tests Your doctor can diagnose acne based on the appearance of the skin.
- If these steps do not clear up the blemishes to an acceptable level, try over-the-counter acne medications.
Alternative names
Acne vulgaris; Comedones; Cystic acne; Acne; Zits
Definition
Acne is a skin condition characterized by whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed red pimples ("zits").
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The condition occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores, become plugged. Each pore is an opening to a canal called a follicle, which contains a hair and an oil gland. Normally, the oil glands help keep the skin lubricated and help remove old skin cells. When glands produce too much oil, the pores can become blocked, accumulating dirt, debris, and bacteria. The blockage or plug is often called a comedone.
The top of the plug may be white (whitehead) or dark (blackhead). If the comedone ruptures, the material inside, including oil and bacteria, can spread to the surrounding area and cause an inflammatory reaction. If the inflammation is deep in your skin, the pimples may enlarge to form firm, painful cysts.
Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders, but may also occur on the trunk, arms, legs, and buttocks.
Acne is most common in teenagers, but it can happen at an age, even as an infant. Three out of four teenagers have acne to some extent, probably caused by hormonal changes that stimulate oil production. It may persist into a person's 30's and 40's.
Acne tends to run in families and can be triggered by:
- Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress
- Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products
- Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, and phenytoin)
- High levels of humidity and sweating
Despite the popular belief that chocolate, nuts, and other foods cause acne, this does not seem to be true.
Symptoms
- whiteheads
- blackheads
- pustules
- cysts
- redness around the skin eruptions
- inflammation around the skin eruptions
- crusting of skin eruptions
- scarring of the skin
Signs and tests
Your doctor can diagnose acne based on the appearance of the skin. Testing is usually not required.
Treatment
Written and revised by
Andrey Nailor, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.