Pharyngitis
Key points
- Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx that frequently results in a sore throat.
- Pharyngitis is caused by a variety of microorganisms.
- The health care provider will perform an examination of the pharynx to look for drainage or coating.
- Viral infections are managed with warm salt water gargles, pain relievers, and fluids.
Definition
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx that frequently results in a sore throat. It may be caused by a variety of microorganisms.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Pharyngitis is caused by a variety of microorganisms. Most cases are caused by a virus, including the virus causing the common cold, flu (Influenza virus), adenovirus, mononucleosis, HIV, and various others.
Bacterial causes include Group A streptococcus, which causes strep throat, in addition to corynebacterium, arcanobacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and others. In up to 30% of cases, no organism is identified.
Most cases of pharyngitis occur during the colder months - during respiratory disease season. It often spreads among family members.
Strep throat is a serious cause of pharyngitis. The complications of strep throat can include acute Rheumatic fever, kidney dysfunction, and severe diseases such as bacteremia and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Symptoms
- Sore throat
- Strep throat may be accompanied by fever, headache, and swollen Lymph nodes in the neck
- Viral pharyngitis may be associated with runny nose and postnasal drip
- Severe cases may be accompanied by difficulty swallowing and, rarely, difficulty breathing
- Additional symptoms are dependent on the underlying microorganisms
Signs and tests
The health care provider will perform an examination of the pharynx to look for drainage or coating. The skin, eyes, and neck Lymph nodes may be examined.
If there is suspicion for strep throat a streptococcal screen and/or throat swab culture may be performed. Additional throat cultures or blood tests may be done depending on the suspected organism (e.g., mononucleosis, gonorrheae).
Treatment
The treatment depends on the underlying cause. Viral infections are managed with warm salt water gargles, pain relievers, and fluids. Antibiotics are needed if strep throat is diagnosed.
Expectations (prognosis)
Most cases of pharyngitis go away on their own, without complications.
Written and revised by
Andrey Nailor, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.