Lumpectomy

Alternative names

Breast lump removal; Wide local excision; Excisional Biopsy

Definition

Breast lump removal is a surgical procedure to remove a lump in the breast.

Description

A breast lump may be a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst. Lumps most commonly occur in women, but can occur in men as well. Mammography and ultrasound are two imaging techniques used to evaluate breast lumps, but many people will need to have a tissue sample taken to determine if a suspicious lump is cancerous.

Tissue from a solid mass can be removed by needle biopsy - a procedure in which a needle is placed into the lump to sample the tissue to check for cancer cells. When the entire lump is surgically removed, the procedure is called a lumpectomy.

For a lumpectomy, general or local anesthesia with or without sedatives is used. Once the area is pain-free, an incision is made and the lump is removed, as is the surrounding rim of normal breast tissue. The lump is then sent to a laboratory for examination.

For a cyst, a needle and syringe are used to drain fluid. If the cystic fluid is clear or green in color, not bloody, and the cyst disappears completely when drained, nothing further needs to be done. If the fluid is bloody, it is sent to the laboratory for analysis. If there is still a lump after the cyst fluid is drained, or if the lump disappears but returns later, it is typically surgically removed.

Only a small portion of all breast lumps are malignant, but the risk increases with age.

Indications

If you find a lump in your breast, you should seek medical attention.

Your doctor will do a clinical breast exam and possibly order the following tests:

• An X-ray of the breast called a mammogram
  
• An ultrasound of the breast to determine whether the lump is a fluid-filled cyst or a solid mass
  
• A mammogram and an ultrasound
  

Based on these exams, the doctor may decide no further tests or treatment are needed. If no further tests are needed, the doctor will recommend regular checkups to detect any changes in the lump.

In some cases, the doctor may want to perform a needle biopsy or a lumpectomy to determine whether cancer is present.

If cancer is found, more tests will be required to tell the doctor whether the cancer has spread within the breast, to the lymph nodes in the armpit, or to other parts of the body. This is called staging and helps determine the treatment plan.

depends on the type and stage of cancer and the patient's age, menopausal status, and overall health. If the entire lump was not removed in the biopsy, further surgery to remove it and surrounding tissue may be necessary.