Inability to speak
Key points
- It is important to distinguish between a difficulty in articulation of words versus a problem with the production of language, as these have different causes.
- Dysarthria is generally apparent in daily conversation where there is difficulty expressing certain sounds or words.
- Aphasia is loss of communication skills previously learned and commonly occurs following strokes or in people with brain tumors or degenerative diseases that affect the language areas of the brain.
- For dysarthria, speaking slowly is encouraged, and the use of hand gestures, when necessary, is recommended.
Alternative names
Language impairment; Impairment of speech; Speech impairment (adult); Aphasia; Dysarthria; Slurred speech; Dysphasia
Definition
Speech impairment may be any of several speech problems, particularly the following:
- Dysarthria is difficult, poorly articulated speech, such as slurring.
- Aphasia is impaired expression or comprehension of written or spoken language.
Dysarthria is occasionally confused with aphasia. It is important to distinguish between a difficulty in articulation of words versus a problem with the production of language, as these have different causes.
Considerations
DYSARTHRIA
Dysarthria is generally apparent in daily conversation where there is difficulty expressing certain sounds or words. This condition may be caused by taking excess medications such as narcotics, phenytoin, or carbamazepine. Alcohol intoxication causes dysarthria.
Degenerative neurological disorders affecting the cerebellum or brainstem can also cause dysarthria. Stroke that affects brainstem or cerebellar regions can also cause dysarthria. Any facial weakness, such as Bell's palsy or tongue weakness, can cause dysarthria.
APHASIA
Aphasia is loss of communication skills previously learned and commonly occurs following strokes or in people with brain tumors or degenerative diseases that affect the language areas of the brain. This term does not apply to children who have never developed communication skills.
In some cases of aphasia, the problem eventually resolves itself, but in others the condition is irreversible.
Common Causes
DYSARTHRIA
- Poorly fitting dentures
- Alcohol intoxication
- Any degenerative neurological disorder
- Stroke
APHASIA
- Head trauma
- Alzheimer's disease
- Stroke
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- Brain tumor
Home Care
For dysarthria, speaking slowly is encouraged, and the use of hand gestures, when necessary, is recommended. Family and friends need to provide ample time for those afflicted with the disorder to express themselves. Medications that are causing the problem should be stopped, if possible. Use of alcohol should be minimized.
Written and revised by
David Cohen, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.