Hyperpigmentation
Key points
- Skin that has turned darker or lighter than normal.
- Normal skin contains cells called melanocytes that produce the brown skin-coloring pigment melanin.
- Home Care Nonprescription depigmenting creams are available for lightening the skin.
- What to expect at your health care provider's office The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed.
Alternative names
Skin - abnormally dark or light; Hypopigmentation
Definition
Skin that has turned darker or lighter than normal. See also skin color, patchy.
Considerations
Normal skin contains cells called melanocytes that produce the brown skin-coloring pigment melanin. There are several conditions in which melanocytes are either abnormal or abnormally distributed. Most skin conditions that cause discoloration are harmless.
A pale area of the skin is the result of fewer or less active melanocytes than usual, whereas a darker area (or area that tans more easily) indicates more numerous or more active melanocytes.
Sometimes mistaken for a suntan, bronzing of the skin often develops gradually starting at pressure points such as the elbows, knuckles, and knees and spreading from there. It is also seen in the creases of the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The bronze color can range from light to dark (in fair skinned people) with the intensity often a function of the underlying cause.
There are several types of benign hyperpigmentation that occur normally; however, any persistent hyperpigmentation that has not been medically explained should be seen by a dermatologist.
Common Causes
- exposure to the sun
- medications
- endocrine diseases such as Addison's syndrome
- vitiligo
Home Care
Nonprescription depigmenting creams are available for lightening the skin. If used, follow instructions carefully and don't use one for more than 3 weeks at a time. Darker skin requires greater care when using these preparations. Cosmetics may also help in covering a discoloration.
Avoid too much sun exposure (use sunscreens or blockers).
Hyperpigmentation may persist even after treatment, so emotional support is recommended.
Call your health care provider if
- a skin discoloration causes significant concern or lifestyle impairment.
- there is persistent, unexplained darkening or lightening of the skin.
- any hyperpigmented area (like a mole) changes shape, size, or color (this may be a sign of malignancy).
What to expect at your health care provider's office
The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed.
Written and revised by
Gerald Hurowitz, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.