Hirsutism
Key points
- Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in certain areas of a woman's face and body — for example, the mustache and beard area — that creates a "male pattern" of hair.
- A woman with the mildest form of hirsutism may notice significant growth of hair that is mature (the same color as scalp hair) on the upper lip, chin, sideburn area, around the nipples or lower abdomen.
- Your doctor will begin the evaluation for hirsutism by hearing your medical history and performing a physical examination.
- Most causes of hirsutism create a tendency to have lifelong excessive hair growth.
What Is It?
Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in certain areas of a woman's face and body — for example, the mustache and beard area — that creates a "male pattern" of hair. Women normally can have fine, pale, faintly visible hair in these areas, but heavy hair growth in a male pattern with coarse or colored hair is not expected.
Normal patterns of hair growth and hair distribution vary widely, determined to a large extent by racial background. For example, whites as a group have more facial and nonscalp hair growth than do blacks or Asians, and white women of Mediterranean heritage normally have more hair growth than do women from Nordic countries.
Hirsutism in women means that hair follicles are being over-stimulated by testosterone or other androgen hormones. Androgens are the dominant sex hormones in men. Low androgen levels are normally present in women, but abnormally high levels of androgens can lead to excess hair growth in women.
In some cases, the extra androgen effect comes from medications — such as certain progestins used in some brands of birth-control pills — or bodybuilding steroids that contain androgens or have some effects similar to androgens. Other medicines may indirectly cause the body to manufacture extra androgen hormones. These include some medicines to treat nausea, schizophrenia, agitation, epileptic seizures, migraine headaches, bipolar disorder, aggression and high blood pressure, as well as estrogens and opiate medications.
In the vast majority of cases, hirsutism responds to straightforward cosmetic treatment. Occasionally, when additional symptoms suggest that androgens are being overproduced, it is important for a woman to be evaluated by a doctor. Overproduction of androgen hormones can signify an abnormality in the ovaries, the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland of the brain.
Some excessive hair growth does not fit the pattern of growth triggered by androgen hormones (for example, hair between the eyes, on the forehead, on the temples or high on the cheeks of the face). This hair growth, called hypertrichosis, can be caused by thyroid problems or anorexia nervosa. It also can result from long-term use of certain medications, including the following steroid hormones: cyclosporin (Neoral, Sandimmune, SangCya), phenytoin (Dilantin), minoxidil (Rogaine), penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen), as well as some dermatology medications that commonly are combined with ultraviolet light treatments.
Symptoms
A woman with the mildest form of hirsutism may notice significant growth of hair that is mature (the same color as scalp hair) on the upper lip, chin, sideburn area, around the nipples or lower abdomen. More advanced hirsutism will result in mature hair on the upper back, shoulders, sternum and upper abdomen. It most often begins during puberty.
Written and revised by
Gerald Hurowitz, M.D.
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