Gingival swelling

Alternative names

Swollen gums; Gums - swollen

Definition

Swollen gums are abnormally enlarged, bulging, or protruding.

Considerations

Gum swelling is quite common and may involve one or many papillae (the triangular-shaped bits of gum between adjacent teeth).

Occasionally, the gums swell significantly, obscuring the teeth altogether.

Common Causes

• Infection by a virus or fungus
  
• Gingivitis
  
• Poorly fitting dentures
  
• Sensitivity to toothpaste or mouthwash
  
• Side effect of a drug such as Dilantin or phenobarbital
  
• Malnutrition
  
• Vitamin C deficiency
  
• Pregnancy (1st or 2nd trimester)
  

Home Care
Improve your nutrition if it is poor.

Avoid gum irritants such as commercial mouthwashes, alcohol, and tobacco. For swollen gums caused by sensitivity to toothpaste or mouthwash, change the toothpaste brand and avoid using mouthwashes.

Use good oral hygiene. See a periodontist (or dentist) at least every 6 months.

For swollen gums caused by reaction to a drug, consult your health care provider about using substitutes. NEVER CHANGE MEDICATIONS WITHOUT CONSULTING YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER.

Call your health care provider if

• swelling is severe, persistent, or is accompanied by other unexplained symptoms.
  
• discomfort is associated with swelling
  

What to expect at your health care provider's office

The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed.

Medical history questions documenting bleeding gums in detail may include the following:

• Quality
  o How swollen are the gums?
  o Can you see the teeth?
  o Are the gums bleeding?
  
• Time pattern
  o Did the swelling begin recently?
  o Are they always swollen?
  o Does the amount of swelling change?
  o Does it only occur occasionally?
  o Have you had gum problems before?