Genital warts
Key points
- Genital warts are soft wart-like growths on the genitals caused by a viral skin disease.
- The virus responsible for genital warts is called human papilloma virus (HPV).
- A genital examination reveals flesh-colored to white, flat or raised, single or clustered lesions anywhere on the genitalia.
- DO NOT use over-the counter remedies meant for other kinds of warts.
Alternative names
Condylomata acuminata; Penile warts; Human papilloma virus (HPV); Venereal warts; Condyloma
Definition
Genital warts are soft wart-like growths on the genitals caused by a viral skin disease. Genital warts are a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD).
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The virus responsible for genital warts is called human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus can cause warts on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around the anus.
HPV infection around the genitals is common, although most people have no symptoms. Even if you do NOT have symptoms, however, you must be treated to avoid complications and spreading the condition to others.
There are more than 70 different types of HPV. Several types are associated with genital warts. Other types are associated with common or flat warts elsewhere on the skin.
HPV grows well in the moist genital area. Warts on the outer genitals are easily recognized. They are raised, flesh-colored lesions that may occur singly or in clusters. Left untreated, warts may rapidly enlarge, taking on a "cauliflower-like" appearance.
In women, HPV can invade the vagina and cervix. These warts are flat and not easily visible without special procedures. Because HPV can lead to cancerous and precancerous changes in the cervix, it is important that this condition be diagnosed and treated. Regular pap smears are necessary to detect HPV or other abnormal changes related to this virus. Having both HPV and herpes virus together puts you at particular risk for cervical cancer.
The following factors put you at higher risk for getting genital warts and other complications of HPV:
- Multiple sexual partners
- Not knowing if someone you had sex with had STDs
- Early age when you start to be sexually active
- Tobacco and alcohol use
- Stress and other viral infections (such as HIV or herpes) at the same time
If a child has genital warts, you should suspect sexual abuse as a possible cause.
Symptoms
- Raised, flesh-colored lesions on the genitals, anus, or surrounding skin
- Cauliflower-like appearing growths around the anus or genitals
- Increased dampness or moisture in the area of the growths
- Itching of the penis, scrotum, anal area, or a vulvar itch
Written and revised by
Gerald Hurowitz, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.