Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Alternative names

Ketoacidosis - alcoholic

Definition

Alcoholic ketoacidosis is an accumulation of ketones (a type of acid) in the blood, caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

This disorder can be a complication of alcohol use, especially excessive alcohol use.

Symptoms

• Fatigue
  
• low, sluggish, lethargic movement
  
• Breathing difficulty leading, when untreated, to an abnormal breathing pattern
  
• Irregular deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul's)
  
• Loss of appetite
  
• Nausea and vomiting
  
• Abdominal pain
  
• Symptoms of dehydration, such as dizziness and light headedness
  
• Confusion
  
• Agitation
  
• Changes in mental activity leading to loss of consciousness
  

Signs and tests

• Blood and urine tests for excess acids, or ketones, in the body
  
• Blood chemistry tests
  
• Tests to quantify the amount of alcohol in the blood
  

Treatment
Treatment in the hospital with intravenous fluids and frequent blood draws may be necessary to reverse the acidosis. Occasionally patients require intensive care unit stays.

Expectations (prognosis)

Prompt medical attention improves the overall prognosis of this condition.

Complications

This can be a life-threatening disorder.

Calling your health care provider

If you, a family member, or a friend have symptoms of alcoholic ketoacidosis, seek medical attention from an emergency department.

Prevention

Limit alcohol consumption to moderate levels.