Smart bomb drug zaps cancer cells in mice

A smart anti-cancer bomb that acts like a Trojan horse can penetrate deep into tumours where it explodes and destroys cancerous cells without harming healthy ones, according to study findings published in the journal Cancer Medicine.

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who devised the molecular size bomb tested it in mice with skin or lung cancer. Mice given the treatment lived more than three times longer than untreated rodents.

The scientists believe it could have the same effect in humans.

"We're quite hopeful and optimistic that as we translate this into humans the results pan out as they have in animals," Professor Ram Sasisekharan, of MIT's Biological Engineering Division, said in an interview.

The smart bomb uses nanotechnology which manipulates materials on a molecular or atomic scale, to deliver chemotherapy drugs to destroy the tumour and anti-angiogenesis agents to block its blood supply.

Lung Cancer Definition
Lung cancer usually occurs because some outside factor, called a carcinogen, has triggered the growth of abnormal, cancerous cells in the lung. These cancerous cells multiply out of control and eventually form a mass called a tumor. As the tumor grows, it destroys nearby areas of the lung. Eventually, the tumor's abnormal cells can spread (metastasize) to nearby lymph nodes and to distant organs, such as the brain. In most cases, the carcinogens that trigger lung cancer are chemicals found in cigarette smoke.

Lung cancers are divided into two basic groups, non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, based on the microscopic appearance of the tumor cells. These two groups are treated differently.

After the bomb, which is like a balloon within a balloon, is injected into the bloodstream it travels to the tumour and burrows deep inside. The outer membrane then disintegrates and releases an anti-angiogenesis drug so the blood vessels feeding the tumour collapse.

NO SIDE EFFECTS

The drug-packed nanocell trapped inside the tumour explodes unleashing the chemotherapy drug to kill the cancerous cells. No healthy cells are destroyed so debilitating side effects such as hair loss, vomiting, nausea and weight loss could be eliminated.

"If you don't really shut the supply lines the tumour cells can escape and that is how they metastasise (spread). By killing the supply lines you are limiting the leaching of the chemotherapy agents to the healthy cells," Sasisekharan said.

Eighty percent of the mice treated with the nanocell bomb lived longer than 65 days while rodents receiving the best lasted only 30.